The Eastern Region is the geographically largest region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and it is a desert plain spreading from the coastline of the Arabian Gulf to the Dahna’a Desert, and its length is approximately 1200 km spreading alongside the border of Kuwait from the north to the Arabian Desert, the largest sand desert in the world. As this desert occupies the southern part of the Kingdom, and the Eastern Region occupies an area of 77850 km, representing 26% of the Kingdom total area

The Eastern Region shares borders with the State of Kuwait from the north, the states of Qatar and Bahrain from the east, and the United Arab Emirates and the Sultanate of Oman from the south

The most important cities of the Eastern Region are Dammam in which the headquarters of the region is located, Dhahran, Khobar, Qatif, Hofuf, Mubarraz, Al Oyun, Abqaiq, Ras Tannura, Jubail, Khafji, Hafar Al-Batin and Nairiyah.The Eastern Region is generally having moderate climate, where the weather is usually clear and the air is refreshing. In the period between May and August, the temperature reaches 46º, and the weather is hot and humid. Yet, in winter, starting from November and ending in February, during which it sometime rains heavily, the temperature sometimes reaches 8º

Historically, the Eastern Region was a meeting place for some of the great civilizations such as those of the Levant, Mesopotamia and India, making it a flourishing commercial center. While Aramco's oil and gas activities constitute a large part of the region's economic activity nowadays, merchants have used it for centuries as a road for bringing incense, perfumes and other goods from Yemen towards the great empires